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The United Nations defines community development as "a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://unterm.un.org/DGAACS/unterm.nsf/8fa942046ff7601c85256983007ca4d8/526c2eaba978f007852569fd00036819?OpenDocument )〕 It is a broad term given to the practices of civic leaders, activists, involved citizens and professionals to improve various aspects of communities, typically aiming to build stronger and more resilient local communities. Community development seeks to empower individuals and groups of people with the skills they need to effect change within their communities. These skills are often created through the formation of large social groups working for a common agenda. Community developers must understand both how to work with individuals and how to affect communities' positions within the context of larger social institutions. ''Community development'' as a term has taken off widely in anglophone countries i.e. the US, UK, Australia, Canada and New Zealand and other countries in the Commonwealth. It is also used in some countries in eastern Europe with active community development associations in Hungary and Romania. The ''Community Development Journal'', published by Oxford University Press, since 1966 has aimed to be the major forum for research and dissemination of international community development theory and practice.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/cdj/about.html )〕 Community development approaches are recognised internationally. These methods and approaches have been acknowledged as significant for local social, economic, cultural, environmental and political development by such organisations as the UN, WHO, OECD, World Bank, Council of Europe and EU. == Definitions == There are complementary definitions of community development. The United Nations defines ''community development'' broadly as "a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems."〔 The Community Development Challenge report, which was produced by a working party comprising leading UK organizations in the field (including (Foundation Builders) Community Development Foundation, the (now defunct)Community Development Exchange and the Federation for Community Development Learning) defines community development as: A set of values and practices which plays a special role in overcoming poverty and disadvantage, knitting society together at the grass roots and deepening democracy. There is a community development profession, defined by national occupational standards and a body of theory and experience going back the best part of a century. There are active citizens who use community development techniques on a voluntary basis, and there are also other professions and agencies which use a community development approach or some aspects of it.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Community Development Challenge Report )〕 Community Development Exchange defines community development as: both an occupation (such as a community development worker in a local authority) and a way of working with communities. Its key purpose is to build communities based on justice, equality and mutual respect. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「community development」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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